Abstract：Cross border scam syndicates are constantly adapting to evade law enforcement by moving from Cambodia to Vietnam.
Cross border scam syndicates are constantly adapting to evade law enforcement, and Vietnam has now emerged as one of their latest operating bases. Vietnamese authorities have warned that criminal organisations previously linked to scam compounds in Cambodia are increasingly relocating parts of their operations into Vietnam, where they are renting private homes, homestays and hotels to carry out large scale online fraud targeting victims overseas.
The development reflects the evolving nature of organised cybercrime in Southeast Asia and serves as another reminder for Malaysians to remain vigilant, particularly as scam syndicates continue to operate across national borders and exploit regional connectivity.
According to Vietnamese police, investigations revealed that on 11 June alone, one scam syndicate successfully defrauded victims in China of approximately RMB300,000, equivalent to around VND1 billion or roughly RM177,000. Authorities also uncovered that the group had illegally obtained approximately 25,000 records containing Chinese citizens' personal information, allowing scammers to identify and target victims with greater precision.
The stolen data reportedly enabled syndicates to conduct more convincing scams by tailoring their approaches to individual victims, significantly increasing their success rates.
ContentsScam Operations No Longer Confined to Cambodia
For several years, Cambodia has attracted international attention as a major hub for organised cyber scam operations. However, increased enforcement actions and regional cooperation have forced many criminal groups to seek alternative locations.
Vietnamese police now believe that some of these syndicates are gradually relocating into Vietnam, using rented residential properties and tourist accommodation instead of operating from large, easily identifiable compounds.
Unlike traditional scam centres, these smaller and more dispersed operations are harder for authorities to detect, especially when they blend into ordinary neighbourhoods or legitimate hospitality businesses.
Investigators warned that this trend poses new challenges not only for law enforcement agencies but also for property owners, hotel operators and the tourism sector.
Hotels and Rental Homes Becoming Unwitting Crime Bases
Authorities said criminal groups have been exploiting the growing availability of short term accommodation by renting private homes, homestays and hotel rooms as temporary operational centres.
In many cases, property owners may be unaware that their premises are being used for organised cybercrime.
Police have urged landlords, hotel operators and accommodation providers to strengthen identity verification procedures for tenants and guests while paying closer attention to unusual behaviour.
Warning signs may include guests refusing housekeeping services for extended periods, limiting staff access to rooms, bringing in multiple electronic devices or maintaining unusually secretive activities.
If suspicious behaviour is detected, accommodation providers are encouraged to notify local police immediately to prevent their properties from becoming bases for cross border criminal operations.
Chinese Suspects Arrested in Lao Cai Province
Vietnamese authorities recently dismantled two separate cross border scam operations in the northern border province of Lao Cai.
In one case, a group of Chinese nationals rented a private residence for VND8.5 million per month, equivalent to approximately RM1,500, and converted the property into a scam centre.
In another case, suspects avoided attracting attention by splitting into multiple hotels instead of staying together in one location. They reportedly disguised themselves as ordinary tourists while using communication networks near the border to conduct scams targeting victims outside Vietnam.
Investigators also found that some members deliberately declined room cleaning services throughout their stay, reducing opportunities for hotel staff to observe suspicious equipment or activities inside the rooms.
Police believe these tactics were specifically designed to minimise detection and complicate investigations.
Personal Data Remains a Valuable Commodity
One of the most concerning findings from the investigation was the discovery of approximately 25,000 illegally obtained personal data records belonging to Chinese citizens.
Cybercriminals increasingly rely on stolen databases containing names, phone numbers, identification details and financial information to personalise their scams.
With access to accurate personal information, fraudsters are able to impersonate banks, investment platforms, courier companies, government agencies or even family members with far greater credibility.
For Malaysian readers, the case serves as a reminder that personal information remains one of the most valuable assets in the digital economy.
Data leaks from online shopping platforms, social media, messaging apps or phishing attacks can eventually find their way into criminal databases used across multiple countries.
Once personal information has been compromised, victims may become targets for repeated scam attempts over several months or even years.
Why Malaysians Should Pay Attention
Although the recent cases primarily involved victims in China, cyber scam syndicates rarely limit themselves to one market.
Malaysia continues to face significant losses from online investment scams, impersonation fraud, romance scams and fake job offers. Criminal networks frequently operate across borders, making use of multiple countries to host servers, recruit operators, move illicit funds and conceal their activities.
As syndicates become increasingly mobile, enforcement efforts in one country often result in operations shifting elsewhere rather than disappearing altogether.
Public Vigilance Remains the Best Defence
Vietnamese police are urging both businesses and the public to stay alert as scam tactics continue to evolve.
Accommodation providers should conduct proper identity verification for tenants and guests, monitor suspicious behaviour and promptly report unusual activities to law enforcement authorities.
For individuals, safeguarding personal information remains one of the most effective ways to reduce exposure to scams. Consumers should avoid sharing sensitive details unnecessarily, remain cautious of unsolicited phone calls and messages, verify the identity of anyone requesting financial transactions, and be sceptical of offers promising unusually high investment returns or urgent financial assistance.
As organised scam syndicates continue to adapt to enforcement efforts across Southeast Asia, experts warn that vigilance, public awareness and cross border cooperation will remain essential in limiting the growing threat posed by transnational cybercrime.
